V. Functional Groups and Classes of Organic Compounds

(Prefix/SubstituentParent Suffix and Green = Functional group;)

Functional Groups	Chemical Class	Structural Formula	IUPAC Name  (Common Name)

 

H

H

H

|

|

|

Hydroxyl

Primary alcohol

H-

C-

C-

C-

O-

H

1-propanol

|

|

|

(N-propyl alcohol)

H

H

H

 

H

H

H

|

|

|

Hydroxyl

Secondary alcohol

H-

C-

C-

C-

H

2-propanol

|

|

|

(Isopropyl alcohol)

H

O

H

|

H

 

H

|

H

H

C-

H

H

|

|

|

Hydroxyl

Tertiary alcohol

H-

C-

C-

C-

H

2-Methyl-2propanol

|

|

|

(Tertiary butyl alcohol)

H

O

H

|

H

 

H

O

|

||

Terminal Carbonyl

Aldehyde

H-

C-

C-

H

Ethanal

|

(Acetaldehyde)

H

 

H

O

H

|

||

|

Internal Carbonyl

Ketone

H-

C-

C-

C-

H

Propanone

|

|

(Acetone) or

H

H

(Dimethyl Ketone)

 

H

O

|

||

Carboxyl

Carboxylic Acid

H-

C-

C-

O-

H

Ethanoic Acid

|

(Acetic Acid)

H

 

H

H

|

|

Ether

Ether

H-

C-

O-

C-

H

Methoxymethane

|

|

(Dimethyl ether)

H

H

 

 

 

H

O

H

|

||

|

Ester

Ester

H-

C-

C-

O-

C-

H

Methyl Ethanoate

|

|

(Methyl Acetate)

H

H

 

H

H

|

|

Amine

Primary amine

H-

C-

C-

N-

H

Ethanamine

|

|

|

(Ethylamine)

H

H

H

 

H

H

H

|

|

|

Amine

Secondary amine

H-

C-

C-

N-

C-

H

N-methyl-2-ethanamine

|

|

|

|

(Ethyl methylamine)

H

H

H

H

 

H

|

H

H-

C-

H

|

|

Amine

Tertiary amine

H-

C-

N-

N-dimethyl-methanamine

|

|

(Trimethylamine)

H

H-

C-

H

|

H

 

H

H

O

|

|

||

Amide

Primary amide

H-

C-

C-

C-

N-

H

Propanamide

|

|

(Propionamide)

H

H

 

H

H

O

H

|

|

||

|

Amide

Secondary amide

H-

C-

C-

C-

N-

C-

H

Methylpropanamide

|

|

|

|

(N-methylpropionamide)

H

H

H

H

 

H

H

O

H

|

|

||

|

Amide

Tertiary amide

H-

C-

C-

C-

N-

--C-

H

N,N-dimethylpropanamide

|

|

|

|

(N,N-dimethylpropionamide)

H

H

H-

C-

H

H

|

H