1.
Understand
the meanings of the terms spontaneous and non-spontaneous. Know that the application of these terms to a
specific reaction is dependent on the reaction conditions.
2.
Know the
meaning of the term entropy and understand how it relates to spontaneity. Understand how positional entropy differs
with states of matter.
3.
Be familiar
with what is stated in the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
4.
Understand
the difference between the entropy of the system, the entropy of the
surroundings, and the entropy of the universe.
Be aware of how these distinctions apply to the Second Law of
Thermodynamics.
5.
Understand
how the sign of DS relates to increases and decrease in entropy.
6.
Understand
how the direction of heat flow affects the entropy of the system and the
surroundings.
7.
Understand
how phase changes, temperature changes and volume changes affect changes in
entropy.
8.
Understand
how Gibbs free energy change relates changes in entropy and enthalpy at
constant temperature and pressure. Also,
understand how the sign of DG indicates spontaneity.
9.
Know what
factors affect the spontaneity of any physical or chemical process. Be able to
predict spontaneity (relative to temperature) based on the signs of DH and DS.
10.
Understand
how changes in number of particles affect changes in entropy.
11.
Know what
is stated in the Third Law of Thermodynamics.
Understand why temperature changes affect absolute entropy.
12.
Be able to
use Appendix 4 to calculate the standard entropy change of a reaction (DS°rxn).
13.
Be aware of
the conditions specified by DG°
and understand how to calculate DG°rxn (three ways).
14.
Understand
that even under conditions which make a reaction spontaneous, the reaction may
not occur rapidly enough to be useful.