Chem. 152 – Chapter 12 Reading Objectives – Zumdahl

 

1.       Understand the difference between spontaneity and rate of reaction. 

 

2.       Know the meaning of the terms chemical kinetics, reaction mechanism, and reaction rate.

 

3.       Know what units are used to express rates of reactions and why these units are appropriate.  Understand the difference between average rate and instantaneous rate.  What is being expressed by the rate of the reaction?  How does the rate of reaction relate to changes in product concentration? Reactant concentration?  What roles do the coefficients play? 

 

4.       Be familiar with the general format used to express a rate law for a reaction.  Understand the significance of the exponents and the rate constant, k, in a rate law.    Know how the exponents describe the order of the reaction (with respect to a particular reactant) and what this means.

 

5.       Understand the difference between the (differential) rate law and the integrated rate law.

 

6.       Be able to write rate laws for specific reactions by using experimental data and the method of initial rates.  Be able to use the rate law to express the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant (ex. First order with respect to reactant B, second order with respect to reactant A, etc.) and the overall reaction order.

 

7.       Be able to interpret rate law expressions to determine what will happen to the rate of a reaction when specific changes in reactant concentration are made.

 

8.       Understand what information is conveyed by the integrated rate law and half-life. 

 

9.       Be able to use experimental data to determine the half-life of a first order, second order, or zero order reaction. Be able to use experimental data with the integrated rate law equation to solve for concentration or time.

 

10.   Understand what is meant by the terms reaction mechanism, reaction intermediate, elementary steps, molecularity (unimolecular, etc.), and rate-determining step.  Be aware of how reaction mechanisms correspond to and help explain observed rate laws.

 

11.   Understand what is meant by the collision theory (model) of reaction rates.  Know what is required for a successful collision. 

 

12.   Understand what is meant by the terms transition state, activation energy, and molecular orientation.

 

13.   Understand how the Arrhenius equation relates temperature, activation energy, and the rate constant.  Be able to solve the Arrhenius equation for any of these variables.

 

14.   Understand how catalysts affect the rate of a reaction.  Be familiar with the meanings of the terms enzymes and substrates.

 

15.   Understand the problems associated with ozone depletion and how catalysis caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) leads to ozone depletion.