Chem. 151 – Chapter 4, sections 1, 2, and 4-9 Reading Objectives – Zumdahl

1. Be able to use shape and electronegativity to distinguish between polar and non-polar molecules.

2. Know the characteristics of strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes. Know what classes of compounds are strong electrolytes. Know what classes of compounds are weak electrolytes.

3. Understand what occurs during the processes of dissociation and ionization.

4. Be familiar with the common strong acids, and know what anions are formed when these acids ionize. (A list to memorize will be provided in class.)

5. Understand that weak acids only partially ionize in aqueous solution.

6. Be familiar with the way in which reversible reactions are symbolized and what the double arrow symbol means.

7. Be familiar with the common strong bases. (A list to memorize will be provided in class.) Understand that ammonia and amines are basic.

8. Be able to use the solubility guidelines shown in Table 4.1 to determine whether an ionic substance will dissolve in water or not.

9. Be able to label substances as solids, liquids, gases, or aqueous solutions in reactions. Know what is meant by a precipitate and what occurs during a precipitation reaction.

10. Understand how to write complete ionic and net ionic equations from a molecular equation. (Strong acids, strong soluble bases, and soluble ionic compounds are written in ionized/dissociated form.)

11. Understand what occurs in a precipitation reaction, and be able to predict products for precipitation reactions. Be able to write net-ionic equations.

12. Know the general characteristics of acids and bases. Understand what occurs in an acid-base (neutralization) reaction, and be able to predict products for acid-base reactions. Be able to write net ionic equations.

13. Be able to assign oxidation numbers to atoms and ions.

14. Be able to recognize oxidation-reduction reactions. Be able to identify the substance which was oxidized, the substance which was reduced, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent.