RCP
360
CARDIOPULMONARY
AND RENAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
TEST
2, UNITS 4-7 &=
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nbsp; &nbs=
p; NAME___________________=
_______
FEBRUARY
14, 2011
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING MULITPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH THE BEST ANSWER ON THE ANSWER SHEET PROVIDED. (2 PTS EACH)<= o:p>
1. =
The
channel leading from the nares to the nasopharynx is the:
A)
Alae
B)
Choana
C)
Turbinates
D)
Septum
2. =
The
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) are found in the:
A)
Nose
B)
Nasopharynx
C)
Oropharynx
D)
Laryngopharynx
3. =
The
“Adam’s Apple” is properly known as the:
A)
Thyroid
cartilage
B)
Cricoid
cartilage
C)
Arytenoid
cartilage
D)
Hyoid
cartilage
4. =
The
narrowest part of the adult airway is the:
A)
Glottis
B)
Trachea
C)
Cricoid
cartilage
D)
Oropharynx
5. =
Cilia
are located in the:
A)
Nose,
nasopharynx and trachea
B)
Trachea,
mainstem bronchi and respiratory bronchioles
C)
Oropharynx,
trachea and subsegmental bronchi
D)
Nose,
lobar bronchi and alveoli
6. =
An
adult trachea has a width of about:
A)
2.5
cm
B)
5
cm
C)
10
cm
D)
15
cm
7. =
The
cells that are found in the airway epithelium that release substances that =
can
cause vasodilation and/or bronchoconstriction are:
A)
Basal
cells
B)
Goblet
cells
C)
Clara
cells
D)
Mast
cells
8. =
Smooth
muscle is found in the:
A)
Subsegmental
bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles
B)
Subsegmental
bronchi, terminal bronchioles and alveoli
C)
Terminal
bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
D)
Subsegmental
bronchi, bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
9. =
Mucus
will be found in the:
A)
Nose,
trachea and alveoli
B)
Trachea,
mainstem bronchi and terminal bronchioles
C)
Bronchioles,
subsegmental bronchi and lobar bronchi
D)
Alveoli,
alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles
10. Which=
of
the following structures are considered to be anatomical deadspace?
A)
Nose,
trachea and respiratory bronchioles
B)
Oropharynx,
mainstem bronchi and alveolar ducts
C)
Nasopharynx,
lobar bronchi and alveoli
D)
Trachea,
subsegmental bronchi and terminal bronchioles
11. Which=
of
the following types of deadspace would include abnormal deadspace or deadsp=
ace
caused by a disease state?
A)
Anatomic
and alveolar
B)
Anatomic
and physiologic
C)
Alveolar
and physiologic
D)
Anatomic,
alveolar and physiologic
12. A
5’11” man weighs 180 pounds.&n=
bsp;
You would estimate his spontaneous, resting tidal volume at:
A)
400
ml
B)
550
ml
C)
700
ml
D)
900
ml
13. The g=
roup
of neurons primarily responsible for normal inspiration is the:
A)
Dorsal
respiratory group in the medullary center
B)
Ventral
respiratory group in the medullary center
C)
Dorsal
respiratory group in the pontine center
D)
Ventral
respiratory group in the pontine center
14. The
respiratory center responsible for controlling inspiratory time and allowin=
g a
faster breathing rate during exercise is the:
A)
Dorsal
respiratory group in the pontine center
B)
Ventral
respiratory group in the medullary center
C)
Apneustic
respiratory group in the medullary center
D)
Pneumotaxic
respiratory group in the pontine center
15. The
peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the:
A)
Aorta
and femoral arteries
B)
Aorta
and carotid arteries
C)
Carotid
arteries and subclavian arteries
D)
Subclavian
arteries and femoral arteries
16. Respo=
nses
of the irritant receptors include:
A)
Coughing,
sneezing and bronchoconstriction
B)
Coughing,
sneezing and headache
C)
Sneezing,
bronchoconstriction and headache
D)
Bronchoconstriction,
headache and tingling in the fingers
17. The
diaphragm is innervated at:
A)
C1,
C2, C3
B)
C2,
C3, C4
C)
C3,
C4, C5
D)
C4,
C5, C6
18. The
intercostal muscles are innervated at:
&=
nbsp;
A)
C6-T8
B)
C7-T9
C)
T1-T11
D)
T4-L2
19. A pat=
ient
with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis would have:
A)
Low
compliance and low elastance
B)
Low
compliance and high elastance
C)
High
compliance and low elastance
D)
High
compliance and high elastance
20. A pre=
mature
infant born at 22 weeks gestation would have problems with:
A)
Low
compliance due to increased surface tension
B)
High
compliance due to increased surface tension
C)
Low
compliance due to decreased surface tension
D)
High
compliance due to decreased surface tension
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21. A per=
son
having an asthma episode (attack) will generally have:
A)
Increased
resistance, decreased compliance and a decreased time constant
=
B) Decreased
resistance, increased compliance and an increased time constant
=
C) Increased
resistance, increased compliance and an decreased time constant
=
D) Increased
resistance, normal compliance and an increased time constant
22. &=
nbsp; A
person has a lung disease that has a decrease in compliance. You could assume there is:
&=
nbsp; A)
increased elastance and lung units will take more time to empty and fill
&=
nbsp; B)
decreased elastance and lung units will take more time to empty and fill
C)
increased elastance and lung units will take less time to empty and fill
D)
decreased elastance and lung units will take less time to empty and fill
23. Which=
of
the following statements is true?
A)
An
increase in lung compliance will result in a decrease in total compliance
B)
A
decrease in chest wall compliance will result in an increase in total
compliance
C)
An
increase in lung compliance will result in an increase in chest wall compli=
ance
D)
A
decrease in chest wall compliance will result in a decrease in total compli=
ance
24. Atele=
ctasis
is a good example of:
A)
Normal
V/Q relationship
B)
Deadspace
V/Q relationship
C)
Shunt
V/Q relationship
D)
Silent
V/Q relationship
25. In no=
rmal
lungs, at FRC:
A)
there
is increased lung expansion in the apices over the bases
B)
there
is decreased lung expansion in the bases over the apices
C)
there
is increased lung expansion in the mid portions of the lung over the apices=
D)
there
is equal lung expansion in all parts of the lungs
ANSWER
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS WITH A CONCISE ANSWER.
26. Descr=
ibe
the turbinates (concha), including their structure, function and why they c=
an
function so effectively. (4 p=
ts)
27. List =
three
primary purposes of the nose. (3
pts)
28. Descr=
ibe
the purposes of the Pores of Kohn.
(3 pts)
29. List =
and
describe five effects of the chronic irritation from cigarette smoke causes=
in
the lungs.
&=
nbsp; (5
pts)
30. What =
is the
primary purpose of the Type II pneumocytes? (2 pts)
31. A 120=
-pound
patient is on a mechanical ventilator.&nbs=
p;
The patient is receiving only the breaths the ventilator is
providing. The current settin=
gs are
a breathing rate of 12 and a tidal volume of 300 ml. An order is written to change the
ventilator to a rate of 8 and a tidal volume of 500 ml.
A) &nbs=
p;
Calculate
the minute ventilation for each situation.=
(2 pts)
B) &nbs=
p;
Calculate
the minute alveolar ventilation for each situation. (2 pts)
=
=
C) =
What would you expect to happen to t=
he
ABG’s of this patient?
Explain your answer. (=
2 pts)
32. &=
nbsp; Describe,
in detail, how the central chemoreceptors function. (6 pts)
33. Discu=
ss the
J receptors as they relate to respiratory status. (4 pts)
34. Discu=
ss why
total compliance is lower than either lung compliance or chest wall
compliance. (2 pts)
35. &=
nbsp; Compare
the ventilation and perfusion relationships of the apices and the bases of =
the
lungs. (4 pts)
36. Using
resistance, compliance and elastance relationships, discuss what will cause=
an
increase pressure needed to deliver a breath on a mechanical ventilator.
37. &=
nbsp; Define: (4 pts)
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nbsp; Shunt:
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nbsp; Deadspace:
38. &=
nbsp; Discuss
how lung compliance and airways resistance will affect work of breathing.
39. &=
nbsp; During
normal breathing, where is the most airways resistance found? (2 pts)
BONUS: